Understanding Dinosaur Combat

Understanding Dinosaur Combat In Hollywood films, dinosaur battles have clear champs and washouts, painstakingly outlined fields (state, an open fix of scrubland or the cafeteria in Jurassic Park), and normally a lot of terrified human onlookers. In actuality, however, dinosaur battles were increasingly similar to confounded, disorderly bar fights than Ultimate Fighting matches, and as opposed to continuing for numerous rounds, they were for the most part over in the flicker of a Jurassic eye. (See a rundown of the Deadliest Dinosaurs, just as Prehistoric Battles highlighting your preferred dinosaurs, reptiles, and warm blooded creatures.) Its significant at the start to recognize the two fundamental sorts of dinosaur battle. Predator/prey experiences (for instance, between a ravenous Tyrannosaurus Rex and alone, adolescent Triceratops) were speedy and ruthless, without any guidelines aside from execute or be murdered. However, intra-species conflicts (state, two male Pachycephalosaurus head-butting each other for the option to mate with accessible females) had an increasingly formal viewpoint, and once in a while brought about a warriors demise (however one presumes genuine wounds were normal). Obviously, so as to battle effectively, you should be furnished with appropriate weapons. Dinosaurs didnt approach guns (or even obtuse tools), yet they were enriched with normally advanced adjustments that helped them either to chase down their lunch, abstain from being lunch or spread the species so as to restock the worldwide lunch menu. Hostile weapons (like sharp teeth and long paws) were solely the region of meat-eating dinosaurs, which went after each other or on gentler herbivores, while guarded weapons (like reinforcement plating and tail clubs) were developed by plant-eaters so as to battle off assaults by predators. A third kind of weapon comprised of explicitly chosen adjustments, (for example, sharp horns and thickened skulls), employed by the guys of some dinosaur species so as to rule the group or vie for the consideration of females. Hostile Dinosaur Weapons Teeth. Meat-eating dinosaurs like T. Rex and Allosaurus didnt advance large, sharp teeth just to eat their prey; like present day cheetahs and incredible white sharks, they utilized these choppers to convey snappy, ground-breaking, and (in the event that they were conveyed in the correct spot at the ideal time) lethal chomps. Well never know without a doubt, yet thinking by similarity with present day carnivores, it appears to be likely that these theropods focused on their casualties necks and paunches, where a solid nibble would cause the most harm. Hooks. Some flesh eating dinosaurs (like Baryonyx) were outfitted with enormous, incredible paws on their front hands, which they used to slice at prey, while others (like Deinonychus and its kindred raptors) had single, larger than usual, bended paws on their rear feet. Its impossible that a dinosaur could have slaughtered prey with its hooks alone; these weapons were likely additionally used to wrestle with rivals and keep them in an extremely tight grip. (Remember, be that as it may, that colossal paws dont fundamentally imply a savage eating routine; the enormous mauled Deinocheirus, for instance, was an affirmed veggie lover.) Visual perception and smell. The most developed predators of the Mesozoic Era (like the human-sized Troodon) were furnished with enormous eyes and generally progressed binocular vision, which made it simpler for them to focus in on prey, particularly when chasing around evening time. A few carnivores likewise had a propelled feeling of smell, which empowered them to fragrance prey from distant (however its additionally conceivable that this adjustment was utilized to home in on effectively dead, spoiling corpses). Force. Tyrannosaurs were constructed like battering rams, with colossal heads, thick bodies, and ground-breaking rear legs. Shy of conveying a lethal chomp, an assaulting Daspletosaurus could thump its casualty senseless, if it had the component of shock on its side and an adequate head of steam. When the unfortunate Stegosaurus was lying on its side, shocked and confounded, the ravenous theropod could move in for the speedy execute. Speed. Speed was an adjustment shared similarly by predators and prey, a genuine case of a developmental weapons contest. Since they were littler and more gently worked than tyrannosaurs, raptors and dino-winged animals were particularly speedy, which made a developmental motivating force for the plant-eating ornithopods they chased to run quicker also. Generally speaking, rapacious dinosaurs were prepared to do short eruptions of fast, while herbivorous dinosaurs could support a marginally less energetic pace for a more drawn out timeframe. Awful breath. This may seem like a joke, yet scientistss accept that the teeth of certain tyrannosaurs were formed in order to intentionally gather slivers of dead tissue. As these shreds spoiled, they reproduced risky microscopic organisms, which means any non-lethal nibbles incurred on different dinosaurs would bring about tainted, gangrenous injuries. The unfortunate plant-eater would drop dead in a couple of days, so, all in all the mindful Carnotaurus (or some other predator in the quick region) chowed down on its body. Guarded Dinosaur Weapons Tails. The long, adaptable tails of sauropods and titanosaurs had more than one capacity: they assisted with counterbalancing these dinosaurs similarly long necks, and their abundant surface zone may have scattered overabundance heat. Be that as it may, its likewise accepted that a portion of these behemoths could lash their tails like whips, conveying shocking hits to moving toward predators. The utilization of tails for protective purposes arrived at its zenith with the ankylosaurs, or heavily clad dinosaurs, which advanced overwhelming, macelike developments at the finishes of their tails that could pound the skulls of unwary raptors. Covering. Until the knights of medieval Europe figured out how to produce metallic shield, no animals on earth were more impenetrable to assault than Ankylosaurus and Euoplocephalus (the last even had reinforced eyelids). When assaulted, these ankylosaurs would thud down onto the ground, and the main way they could be slaughtered was if a predator figured out how to flip them onto their backs and dive into their delicate underbellies. When the dinosaurs went terminated, even titanosaurs had advanced a light reinforced covering, which may have battled off pack assaults by packs of littler raptors. Sheer mass. One reason sauropods and hadrosaurs accomplished such tremendous sizes is that full-developed grown-ups would have been practically safe to predation: not so much as a pack of grown-up Alioramus could plan to bring down a 20-ton Shantungosaurus. The drawback to this, obviously, was predators moved their consideration regarding simpler to-take out children and adolescents, implying that out of a grip of 20 or 30 eggs laid by a female Diplodocus, just a couple may figure out how to arrive at adulthood. Disguise. The one element of dinosaurs that once in a while (if at any time) fossilizes is their skin colorso well can't be sure whether Protoceratops donned zebra-like stripes, or if Maiasauras mottled skin made it hard to see in thick underbrush. Notwithstanding, thinking by similarity with current prey creatures, it would be amazing without a doubt if hadrosaurs and ceratopsians didnt sport a cover to shroud them from the consideration of predators Speed. As referenced above, advancement is an equivalent open door boss: as the savage dinosaurs of the Mesozoic Era become quicker, so do their prey, and the other way around. While a 50-ton sauropod couldnt have run exceptionally quick, the normal hadrosaur could raise up onto its rear legs and beat the bipedal retreat because of risk, and some littler plant-eating dinosaurs may have been fit for running at 30 or 40 (or perhaps 50) miles every hour while being pursued. Hearing. When in doubt, predators are blessed with predominant sight and smell, while prey creatures have intense hearing (so they can flee on the off chance that they hear an undermining stir out there). In light of an examination of their peaked skulls, it appears to be likely that some duck-charged dinosaurs (like Parasaurolophus and Charonosaurus) could cry to one another over significant distances, so an individual hearing the strides of a moving toward tyrannosaur would have the option to caution the crowd. Intra-Species Dinosaur Weapons Horns. The fearsome-looking horns of Triceratops may just have been optionally expected to caution away an eager T. Rex. The position and direction of ceratopsian horns lead scientistss to infer that their principle intention was in dueling with different guys for predominance in the crowd or reproducing rights. Obviously, unfortunate guys may be injured, or even murdered, in this processresearchers have uncovered various dinosaur bones bearing the characteristics of intra-species battle. Ruffles. The goliath head adornments of ceratopsian dinosaurs filled two needs. To begin with, larger than usual laces made these plant-eaters look at greater without flinching of hungry carnivores, which may select to focus on littler charge. What's more, second, if these decorations were brilliantly hued, they could have been utilized to flag the craving to battle during mating season. (Ornamentations may likewise have had one more reason, as their huge surface territories assisted with disseminating and ingest heat.) Peaks. Not exactly a weapon in the exemplary sense, peaks were bulges of bone regularly found on duck-charged dinosaurs. These retrogressive pointing developments would have been futile in a battle, however they may well have been utilized to pull in females (theres proof that the peaks of some Parasaurolophus guys were bigger than those of the females). As referenced over, its likewise likely that some duck-charged dinosaurs piped air through these peaks as a method of motioning to others of their sort. Skulls. This unconventional weapon was exceptional to the group of dinosaurs known as pachycephalosaurs (foolish reptiles). Pachycephalosaurs like Stegoceras and Sphaerotholus donned up to a foot of bone on the highest points of their skulls, which they apparently used to head-butt each other for predominance in the crowd and

Chinese character Essay

Instruction in its general sense is a type of learning wherein the information, aptitudes, and propensities for a gathering of individuals are moved starting with one age then onto the next through educating, preparing, or look into. Training oftentimes happens under the direction of others, however may likewise be autodidactic.[1] Any experience that formatively affects the way one thinks, feels, or acts might be viewed as instructive. There are three types of learning. formal instruction, casual training and non-formal instruction. Frameworks of tutoring include systematized educating and learning comparable to an educational plan, which itself is set up as indicated by a foreordained reason for the schools in the framework. Schools frameworks are at times likewise dependent on religions, giving them various educational plans. In formal instruction, an educational program is the arrangement of courses and their substance offered at a school or college. The term preschool alludes to a school for youngsters who are not mature enough to go to kindergarten. It is a nursery school. Preschool training is significant in light of the fact that it can give a youngster the edge in a serious world and instruction atmosphere. Open grade schools are separated into two classes dependent on the vehicle of guidance: †¢ Malay-medium National Schools (Sekolah Kebangsaan, SK) †¢ non-Malay-medium National-type Schools (Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan, SJK), otherwise called â€Å"vernacular schools†,[7] further isolated into o National-type School (Chinese) (Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan (Cina), SJK(C)), Mandarin-medium and improved Chinese composing o National-type School (Tamil) (Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan (Tamil), SJK (T)), Tamil-medium All schools concede understudies paying little mind to racial and language foundation. Malay and English are necessary subjects in all schools. All schools utilize a similar prospectus for non-language subjects paying little heed to the vehicle of guidance. The educating of the Chinese language is mandatory in SJK(C), and Tamil language is obligatory in SJK(T). Moreover, a National School must give the educating of Chinese or Tamil language, just as indigenous dialects any place commonsense, if the guardians of in any event 15 understudies in the school demand that the specific language to be instructed. Rapid rail is a sort of rail transport that works altogether quicker than conventional rail traffic, utilizing a coordinated framework ofâ specialized moving stock and committed tracks. The principal such framework started activities in Japan in 1964 and was broadly known as the shot train. Fast trains regularly work on standard check tracks of ceaselessly welded rail on grade isolated option to proceed that fuses a huge turning span in its plan.

Struggling with PTSD ART May Help

Struggling with PTSD ART May Help PTSD Treatment Print What Is Accelerated Resolution Therapy? Innovative Treatment for PTSD, Depression, and Stress By Jodi Clarke, MA, LPC/MHSP twitter linkedin Jodi Clarke, LPC/MHSP is a licensed professional counselor and mental health service provider with over 20 years of experience in the field. Learn about our editorial policy Jodi Clarke, MA, LPC/MHSP Updated on February 03, 2020 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes & Risk Factors Treatment Living With In Children Accelerated resolution therapy (ART) is a form of treatment developed by licensed marriage and family therapist, Laney Rosenzweig, LMFT. This innovative treatment method has been influenced by many existing evidence-based treatments and techniques, including: GestaltCognitive behavioralGuided imageryEye movement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR)Brief psychodynamicExposure therapy (imaginal exposure) As described they the Rosenzweig Center for Rapid Resolution, ART works directly to reprogram the way in which distressing memories and images are stored in the brain so that they no longer trigger strong physical and emotional reactions. With roots in a variety of existing evidence-based treatment practices, ART has been found to be an effective treatment for depression, anxiety, panic attacks, and PTSD. Verywell / Brianna Gilmartin Background on PTSD Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) affects approximately 13 million people at any given time in the United States, which is roughly 5 percent of the population. With so many people suffering, it is important for the mental health community to consider innovative methods to help people find healing. It has been suggested that people who experience trauma wait as long as two years after their realization of pain from the trauma to seek help. Two years is a long time to experience that kind of pain and, by the time people are seeking help, they are often feeling a sense of urgency to find relief. PTSD can feel debilitating and impact functioning in everyday life. According to the American Psychiatric Association, an estimated one in 11 people will be diagnosed with PTSD in their lifetime. Women are twice as likely as men to experience symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder. People who are challenged with PTSD can experience symptoms such as: Intense and disturbing thoughtsOverwhelming emotionsFlashbacksNightmaresNight terrorsFeelings of detachmentSadnessAngerIsolation PTSD in Veterans It is estimated that one in five service members coming home from Afghanistan and Iraq will suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder. They experience similar debilitating symptoms when they return home, plagued with graphic memories, images, nightmares, and overwhelming emotions. Since service members may come home to family and friends who have not been through similar experiences, those suffering from PTSD can feel isolated and misunderstood. It can be difficult to ask for or accept help, especially if they fear that people around them will not understand. Service members who struggle with PTSD may turn to drugs, alcohol, and even suicide in an attempt to escape their distress. PTSD and the Military Methods of traditional talk therapy can certainly be helpful, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy. However, there are innovative methods being developed and researched that can seemingly cut down on the healing time for clients and with very little distress for them in the counseling process. Evidence-Based Practice Being a relatively new and innovative treatment model, accelerated resolution therapy was federally recognized as an evidence-based treatment model by the National Registry of Evidence-Based Programs and Practices (NREPP) in 2015. The NREPP found ART to be an effective psychotherapy model in the treatment of: PTSDDepressionStressPersonal resilience In addition, NREPP classified ART to be a promising therapy technique for the symptoms of: PhobiaPanicAnxietySleep and wake disordersDisruptive and antisocial behaviorsGeneral functioning and well being Eye Movement One key element of accelerated resolution therapy is eye movement. Healing is targeted through the use of the clients rapid eye movement, similar to what they would experience while dreaming. During a session with an ART therapist, clients will be asked to follow the therapists hand back and forth laterally through their line of vision. As they are attending to this external stimuli, the movement of the therapists hand, it has been found that clients become more relaxed and more easily able to access internal stimuli, which would include distressing images of a traumatic event. As these images are accessed, ART focuses on helping clients heal the emotional and physical reactions associated with those experiences. Clients have been said to find relief in one to three sessions with this type of therapy. ART vs. EMDR Another type of therapy is called eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). Although both of these effective treatment techniques involve eye movement to help facilitate visualization techniques, ART is different in that it focuses more directly on how negative images from trauma are connected with emotional and physical reactions. There are specific methods that a clinician will use in treatment sessions with clients based on their presenting issues, such as PTSD, sexual abuse, or addiction. ART is designed to be a brief model of therapy treatment. Clients have been known to experience relief from their distress in one session, rather than having to participate in several sessions before experiencing change. As more people find themselves challenged with debilitating symptoms that impact their lives and relationships, finding a treatment model that can offer symptom relief in a short period of time is invaluable. One Image at a Time Accelerated resolution therapy allows clients to focus on one presenting issue at a time. The treatment model is designed to help clients resolve that particular issue within one to three sessions. Once a client has effectively found healing and symptom relief around that image or issue, they can then move onto the next. For clients with trauma history, this can be comforting to know that there is a method and direction to treatment, rather than feeling as if all layers of their experience will need to be processed at once. Processing multiple layers of trauma can be quite overwhelming for clients and can even block people from continuing the healing process. Focusing on one thing at a time within ART can be motivating for clients as well, as they begin to feel free of the emotional pain surrounding their experiences with trauma. No Heavy Emotional Processing Some therapeutic treatment models, especially for the treatment of trauma and PTSD, require clients to revisit their traumatic experience, walking the therapist through their memory detail by painful detail. Not surprisingly, this can be uncomfortable for clients, as they are likely already playing their traumatic images over and over again in their mind on a daily basis. The idea of letting someone else into that deep, emotionally painful space can feel overwhelming and stop clients from continuing treatment. ART does require clients to pull up an image in their mind of the experience that is related to presenting symptoms, but the clients do not need to verbalize any of that experience to their therapists during sessions. As many people with PTSD replay traumatic events in their minds on a regular basis, the process of ART does not ask clients to do anything different than what they already do on their own. Their traumatic experience can remain private and the client is not required to be vulnerable with the therapist or share details of their experience if they are not ready. Healing can continue to happen through the process of ART regardless of how much the client is sharing about their trauma. Active and Engaging Even though clients are not required to share their trauma in a vulnerable way with their ART therapist, many find the process of accelerated resolution therapy to be an active and engaged process. As described by The Rosenzweig Center for Rapid Resolution, clients report finding comfort in their ART therapist being attuned and engaged with them through the treatment process. Although ART itself is not considered a talk-based therapy, it can still feel conversational in nature as the client and therapist walk through the chosen experience being selected for that particular session. The techniques of ART can also be used to enhance talk-based therapy techniques, helping clients to eliminate blocks to their treatment progress so they can continue processing and healing. Voluntary Imagery Replacement ART therapy includes a particular technique within the treatment model called voluntary imagery replacement (VIR) or voluntary memory replacement (VMR). This technique is similar to what some other treatment methods include and is referred to as re-scripting. Clients are asked to use their imaginations to envision alternative outcomes, becoming an engaged author to their experience. ART professionals note that it is important to remember that clients do recognize this new image is not the actual image from their memory. However, using their own creativity to change these images impacts the level of emotional and physical functioning. So, although the narrative of the event itself does not change, the impact of the event no longer has the same negative impact on their physical and emotional responses to the event. What Happens in a Session With so many therapeutic treatment techniques available, especially as one as new and innovative as ART, it can be helpful to walk through what to expect in a counseling session. Safe Space Accelerated resolution therapy professionals suggest that the process of this treatment model is simple. First, the therapist creates a safe space for the client. The idea of creating a safe haven within the therapy room is critical for any therapeutic intervention. A positive and meaningful rapport between client and therapist is known to be one of the leading predictors of client success in treatment. Therefore, creating a safe haven for the client is just as critical when beginning work in ART. Following the Therapists Hand Once the client feels relaxed and ready, they will be asked to visually follow the therapists hand back and forth laterally through their line of vision while silently calling up a particular memory that they want to address or heal. It is suggested that this process lasts between 30 seconds and 10 minutes. As the client is engaging in this process of eye movement, the ART therapist is taking time to check in with their client to process any physical and emotional reactions. Changing the Script It is important for the therapist to effectively tune in and track what is happening for their client during this time as the client is beginning to relax. As they relax, the client becomes better able to access memory and create or select more positive changes in the images around that event. As the ART therapist continues to gently guide the client through this process, they are encouraged and empowered to begin making any selected changes they wish to the image they have recalled. During this time, the client is able to make changes to the image itself or to any other information surrounding that image. These changes could involve other sensory information such as sounds and smells. The ART therapist continues to stay attuned and engaged with the client as they gently transition them out of that image and back into the present reality of the therapy room. Path to Healing As clients continue to work through these images, they can begin to find relief in one to five sessions. One image is focused on at a time, which is an important part of this treatment model. As clients find healing and relief around one image they can then move on to the next and go from there. Clients have reported that, even if they dont feel very different after the first session, they begin to feel a noticeable change in their emotional and physical responses to the event shortly after, such as the second or third sessions. Considering the complexities of traumatic experiences and the variety of symptoms experienced with PTSD, this model of therapy is notably brief while still being effective. During the process of healing, clients participating in ART therapy are still able to recall the events they have been working on. However, their physical and emotional responses to the recall of that traumatic event will no longer be present for them as they continue to engage in this process. A phrase mentioned within the ART community is, Keep the knowledge, lose the pain. It is important to note that actual memories are not being replaced in this model, nor is there any hypnosis involved in this treatment method. Where to Find an ART Therapist Accelerated resolution therapy is a new and innovative treatment model, declared an effective and evidence-based treatment model in 2015. As the ART movement continues to grow, clinicians from all over the world are being trained in this method. Developer of ART, Laney Rosenzweig, LMFT, founded the Rosenzweig Center for Rapid Recovery based in Florida. You can find a directory of trained and qualified ART therapists through their website. Clinicians interested in training in ART can find information about upcoming seminars, workshops, and training intensives through the centers website as well. How EMDR Can Treat Panic Disorder

Struggling with PTSD ART May Help

Struggling with PTSD ART May Help PTSD Treatment Print What Is Accelerated Resolution Therapy? Innovative Treatment for PTSD, Depression, and Stress By Jodi Clarke, MA, LPC/MHSP twitter linkedin Jodi Clarke, LPC/MHSP is a licensed professional counselor and mental health service provider with over 20 years of experience in the field. Learn about our editorial policy Jodi Clarke, MA, LPC/MHSP Updated on February 03, 2020 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes & Risk Factors Treatment Living With In Children Accelerated resolution therapy (ART) is a form of treatment developed by licensed marriage and family therapist, Laney Rosenzweig, LMFT. This innovative treatment method has been influenced by many existing evidence-based treatments and techniques, including: GestaltCognitive behavioralGuided imageryEye movement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR)Brief psychodynamicExposure therapy (imaginal exposure) As described they the Rosenzweig Center for Rapid Resolution, ART works directly to reprogram the way in which distressing memories and images are stored in the brain so that they no longer trigger strong physical and emotional reactions. With roots in a variety of existing evidence-based treatment practices, ART has been found to be an effective treatment for depression, anxiety, panic attacks, and PTSD. Verywell / Brianna Gilmartin Background on PTSD Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) affects approximately 13 million people at any given time in the United States, which is roughly 5 percent of the population. With so many people suffering, it is important for the mental health community to consider innovative methods to help people find healing. It has been suggested that people who experience trauma wait as long as two years after their realization of pain from the trauma to seek help. Two years is a long time to experience that kind of pain and, by the time people are seeking help, they are often feeling a sense of urgency to find relief. PTSD can feel debilitating and impact functioning in everyday life. According to the American Psychiatric Association, an estimated one in 11 people will be diagnosed with PTSD in their lifetime. Women are twice as likely as men to experience symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder. People who are challenged with PTSD can experience symptoms such as: Intense and disturbing thoughtsOverwhelming emotionsFlashbacksNightmaresNight terrorsFeelings of detachmentSadnessAngerIsolation PTSD in Veterans It is estimated that one in five service members coming home from Afghanistan and Iraq will suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder. They experience similar debilitating symptoms when they return home, plagued with graphic memories, images, nightmares, and overwhelming emotions. Since service members may come home to family and friends who have not been through similar experiences, those suffering from PTSD can feel isolated and misunderstood. It can be difficult to ask for or accept help, especially if they fear that people around them will not understand. Service members who struggle with PTSD may turn to drugs, alcohol, and even suicide in an attempt to escape their distress. PTSD and the Military Methods of traditional talk therapy can certainly be helpful, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy. However, there are innovative methods being developed and researched that can seemingly cut down on the healing time for clients and with very little distress for them in the counseling process. Evidence-Based Practice Being a relatively new and innovative treatment model, accelerated resolution therapy was federally recognized as an evidence-based treatment model by the National Registry of Evidence-Based Programs and Practices (NREPP) in 2015. The NREPP found ART to be an effective psychotherapy model in the treatment of: PTSDDepressionStressPersonal resilience In addition, NREPP classified ART to be a promising therapy technique for the symptoms of: PhobiaPanicAnxietySleep and wake disordersDisruptive and antisocial behaviorsGeneral functioning and well being Eye Movement One key element of accelerated resolution therapy is eye movement. Healing is targeted through the use of the clients rapid eye movement, similar to what they would experience while dreaming. During a session with an ART therapist, clients will be asked to follow the therapists hand back and forth laterally through their line of vision. As they are attending to this external stimuli, the movement of the therapists hand, it has been found that clients become more relaxed and more easily able to access internal stimuli, which would include distressing images of a traumatic event. As these images are accessed, ART focuses on helping clients heal the emotional and physical reactions associated with those experiences. Clients have been said to find relief in one to three sessions with this type of therapy. ART vs. EMDR Another type of therapy is called eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). Although both of these effective treatment techniques involve eye movement to help facilitate visualization techniques, ART is different in that it focuses more directly on how negative images from trauma are connected with emotional and physical reactions. There are specific methods that a clinician will use in treatment sessions with clients based on their presenting issues, such as PTSD, sexual abuse, or addiction. ART is designed to be a brief model of therapy treatment. Clients have been known to experience relief from their distress in one session, rather than having to participate in several sessions before experiencing change. As more people find themselves challenged with debilitating symptoms that impact their lives and relationships, finding a treatment model that can offer symptom relief in a short period of time is invaluable. One Image at a Time Accelerated resolution therapy allows clients to focus on one presenting issue at a time. The treatment model is designed to help clients resolve that particular issue within one to three sessions. Once a client has effectively found healing and symptom relief around that image or issue, they can then move onto the next. For clients with trauma history, this can be comforting to know that there is a method and direction to treatment, rather than feeling as if all layers of their experience will need to be processed at once. Processing multiple layers of trauma can be quite overwhelming for clients and can even block people from continuing the healing process. Focusing on one thing at a time within ART can be motivating for clients as well, as they begin to feel free of the emotional pain surrounding their experiences with trauma. No Heavy Emotional Processing Some therapeutic treatment models, especially for the treatment of trauma and PTSD, require clients to revisit their traumatic experience, walking the therapist through their memory detail by painful detail. Not surprisingly, this can be uncomfortable for clients, as they are likely already playing their traumatic images over and over again in their mind on a daily basis. The idea of letting someone else into that deep, emotionally painful space can feel overwhelming and stop clients from continuing treatment. ART does require clients to pull up an image in their mind of the experience that is related to presenting symptoms, but the clients do not need to verbalize any of that experience to their therapists during sessions. As many people with PTSD replay traumatic events in their minds on a regular basis, the process of ART does not ask clients to do anything different than what they already do on their own. Their traumatic experience can remain private and the client is not required to be vulnerable with the therapist or share details of their experience if they are not ready. Healing can continue to happen through the process of ART regardless of how much the client is sharing about their trauma. Active and Engaging Even though clients are not required to share their trauma in a vulnerable way with their ART therapist, many find the process of accelerated resolution therapy to be an active and engaged process. As described by The Rosenzweig Center for Rapid Resolution, clients report finding comfort in their ART therapist being attuned and engaged with them through the treatment process. Although ART itself is not considered a talk-based therapy, it can still feel conversational in nature as the client and therapist walk through the chosen experience being selected for that particular session. The techniques of ART can also be used to enhance talk-based therapy techniques, helping clients to eliminate blocks to their treatment progress so they can continue processing and healing. Voluntary Imagery Replacement ART therapy includes a particular technique within the treatment model called voluntary imagery replacement (VIR) or voluntary memory replacement (VMR). This technique is similar to what some other treatment methods include and is referred to as re-scripting. Clients are asked to use their imaginations to envision alternative outcomes, becoming an engaged author to their experience. ART professionals note that it is important to remember that clients do recognize this new image is not the actual image from their memory. However, using their own creativity to change these images impacts the level of emotional and physical functioning. So, although the narrative of the event itself does not change, the impact of the event no longer has the same negative impact on their physical and emotional responses to the event. What Happens in a Session With so many therapeutic treatment techniques available, especially as one as new and innovative as ART, it can be helpful to walk through what to expect in a counseling session. Safe Space Accelerated resolution therapy professionals suggest that the process of this treatment model is simple. First, the therapist creates a safe space for the client. The idea of creating a safe haven within the therapy room is critical for any therapeutic intervention. A positive and meaningful rapport between client and therapist is known to be one of the leading predictors of client success in treatment. Therefore, creating a safe haven for the client is just as critical when beginning work in ART. Following the Therapists Hand Once the client feels relaxed and ready, they will be asked to visually follow the therapists hand back and forth laterally through their line of vision while silently calling up a particular memory that they want to address or heal. It is suggested that this process lasts between 30 seconds and 10 minutes. As the client is engaging in this process of eye movement, the ART therapist is taking time to check in with their client to process any physical and emotional reactions. Changing the Script It is important for the therapist to effectively tune in and track what is happening for their client during this time as the client is beginning to relax. As they relax, the client becomes better able to access memory and create or select more positive changes in the images around that event. As the ART therapist continues to gently guide the client through this process, they are encouraged and empowered to begin making any selected changes they wish to the image they have recalled. During this time, the client is able to make changes to the image itself or to any other information surrounding that image. These changes could involve other sensory information such as sounds and smells. The ART therapist continues to stay attuned and engaged with the client as they gently transition them out of that image and back into the present reality of the therapy room. Path to Healing As clients continue to work through these images, they can begin to find relief in one to five sessions. One image is focused on at a time, which is an important part of this treatment model. As clients find healing and relief around one image they can then move on to the next and go from there. Clients have reported that, even if they dont feel very different after the first session, they begin to feel a noticeable change in their emotional and physical responses to the event shortly after, such as the second or third sessions. Considering the complexities of traumatic experiences and the variety of symptoms experienced with PTSD, this model of therapy is notably brief while still being effective. During the process of healing, clients participating in ART therapy are still able to recall the events they have been working on. However, their physical and emotional responses to the recall of that traumatic event will no longer be present for them as they continue to engage in this process. A phrase mentioned within the ART community is, Keep the knowledge, lose the pain. It is important to note that actual memories are not being replaced in this model, nor is there any hypnosis involved in this treatment method. Where to Find an ART Therapist Accelerated resolution therapy is a new and innovative treatment model, declared an effective and evidence-based treatment model in 2015. As the ART movement continues to grow, clinicians from all over the world are being trained in this method. Developer of ART, Laney Rosenzweig, LMFT, founded the Rosenzweig Center for Rapid Recovery based in Florida. You can find a directory of trained and qualified ART therapists through their website. Clinicians interested in training in ART can find information about upcoming seminars, workshops, and training intensives through the centers website as well. How EMDR Can Treat Panic Disorder